Transanal endoscopic microsurgery operation
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is performed using a special operating proctoscope manufactured by Karl Storz (Germany), adapted to a standard laparoscopic stand with stereoscopic optics, which makes it possible to remove tumours of the lower, middle and upper ampullary sections of the rectum together with the submucosa under strict visual control. The proctoscope, using stereoscopic optics, provides good visibility and a sufficient degree of freedom for manipulating special surgical instruments in the intestinal lumen. Thanks to the TEM technique, it is possible to remove the tumour within the intact layer of the intestinal wall: to perform submucosal excision if the changes involve only the mucous membrane, or to completely excise a fragment of the affected intestinal wall in the early stages of rectal cancer.